tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-41570268283988185992024-03-14T00:12:34.317-07:00Barry BlogsBarry Steeshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10736336953457008419noreply@blogger.comBlogger279125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4157026828398818599.post-31667904208533108012020-07-09T12:16:00.003-07:002020-07-09T12:16:56.774-07:00Care and Maintenance Seminar<br />
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><b>Get your bassoon quiet and clean for the Fall!</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">I will be conducting a 3-day Bassoon Care and Maintenance Seminar over Zoom.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><u>Dates: </u>July 26th-28th</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><u>Times:</u> 7:00-9:00pm (Eastern Time, United States)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><u>Fee:</u> $100 total for 3 two-hour sessions</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><u>What you get:</u></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">1. Handbook with tips for care and maintenance, including sequence for key removal and replacement for all joints. Safety tips and simple fixes for your bassoon you can do yourself.<u> This is not a DIY guide for bassoon repair!</u></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">2. List of supplies for care and maintenance.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">3. Live trouble shooting in the sessions.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Spaces are filling up, so reserve soon by contacting me: <a href="mailto:steesbassoon@gmail.com">steesbassoon@gmail.com </a></span>Barry Steeshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10736336953457008419noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4157026828398818599.post-41838720138753989622019-02-13T13:34:00.000-08:002019-02-13T13:34:33.993-08:00Dial indicator<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-EcO9BB7HuPA/XGSMMx6LUCI/AAAAAAAAEew/a1X40mKMhcM9D3o4y9yXFh7u9WlqU0THACLcBGAs/s1600/dial%2B%25282%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1511" height="320" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-EcO9BB7HuPA/XGSMMx6LUCI/AAAAAAAAEew/a1X40mKMhcM9D3o4y9yXFh7u9WlqU0THACLcBGAs/s320/dial%2B%25282%2529.jpg" width="302" /></a></div>
<br />
The new <b>Steesbassoon Dial Indicator</b>.<br />
<br />
I'm making this dial indicator now and have it available for sale on my website. Go <a href="https://www.steesbassoon.com/products">here</a> to learn why this is the best, most accurate dial available.<br />
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<iframe width="320" height="266" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/9Sn4sGhPXL8/0.jpg" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/9Sn4sGhPXL8?feature=player_embedded" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></div>
I've also uploaded a YouTube video outlining its features.<br />
<br />
To purchase, visit my <a href="https://www.steesbassoon.com/products">website</a>.<br />
<br />
For tips on how to best use a dial indicator, watch this:<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe width="320" height="266" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/4dR6LJoFzgE/0.jpg" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/4dR6LJoFzgE?feature=player_embedded" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></div>
<br />Barry Steeshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10736336953457008419noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4157026828398818599.post-15543806633818709252018-03-04T12:09:00.000-08:002018-03-04T12:09:18.900-08:0013-yr old Phenom!Like this video of a performance of the Weber Concerto 1st movement by 13-year old Kevin <br />
Zephyrin.<br />
<br />
He is competing in a competition and can win if enough of you “like” his video. Kevin plans to use any prize money he receives to buy a better bassoon.<br />
<br />
Let’s help Kevin out! Listen here:<br />
<br />
<a href="https://youtu.be/Z0q2dDwNfx8">https://youtu.be/Z0q2dDwNfx8</a>Barry Steeshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10736336953457008419noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4157026828398818599.post-13284450348746453602018-02-10T08:22:00.004-08:002018-02-10T08:22:53.404-08:00Guided Imagery at the Olympics<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-0bQhX56aFJc/Wn8bzkhNnSI/AAAAAAAAEPQ/jmTrn75OnOMKKOhsUjiGwzQGldbi_qJWACLcBGAs/s1600/JP-VISUALIZE-1-master675.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="410" data-original-width="675" height="387" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-0bQhX56aFJc/Wn8bzkhNnSI/AAAAAAAAEPQ/jmTrn75OnOMKKOhsUjiGwzQGldbi_qJWACLcBGAs/s640/JP-VISUALIZE-1-master675.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
The <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/video/olympic-athletes-visualize-wins?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&modref=HPVideoRefer&clickSource=story-heading&module=photo-spot-region&region=top-news&WT.nav=top-news">New York Times</a> has a wonderful video series detailing the use of <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/23/sports/olympics/olympians-use-imagery-as-mental-training.html">Guided Imagery</a> by Olympic Athletes.<br />
<br />
I use techniques like these for my self and recommend them for my students to help them perform their best in auditions and other situations when they're under pressure.<br />
<br />
Each time the Olympics are on, I try to catch any interviews or stories about the athletes' preparation and use them in my approach and in my teaching.<br />
<br />
Check<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/video/olympic-athletes-visualize-wins?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&modref=HPVideoRefer&clickSource=story-heading&module=photo-spot-region&region=top-news&WT.nav=top-news"> these</a> out!Barry Steeshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10736336953457008419noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4157026828398818599.post-10714243378019775052018-02-08T07:11:00.003-08:002018-02-08T07:12:38.220-08:00The Only Reed Test<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>THE ONLY REED TEST YOU MAY EVER NEED!</b></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<br />
There are as many ways to test a new reed as there are bassoonists, but so many of them don't tell you much. I'm always looking for ways to save time in reed making.<br />
<br />
Here is the one test that I think tells you a lot about a reed's potential for success:<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-rts9L6K3o7c/WnxlX8L4eFI/AAAAAAAAEO8/ggyWZITybk0jWDHHg3vMRNuis5idCvBkACLcBGAs/s1600/long%2Btone%2B%25283%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="296" data-original-width="1600" height="118" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-rts9L6K3o7c/WnxlX8L4eFI/AAAAAAAAEO8/ggyWZITybk0jWDHHg3vMRNuis5idCvBkACLcBGAs/s640/long%2Btone%2B%25283%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Choose three notes for trial; one each in the low, middle and high register. For new reeds, I don't test the highest part of the bassoon range, though. Just up to high G or so.<br />
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Play the "hairpin" long tone above on each of the three notes. A well balanced reed will allow both a <i>pp</i> ending and beginning as well as a good <i>FF</i> in the middle. Be sure you can bring the <i>pp</i> down to a "clarinet" style diminuendo in particular.<br />
<br />
The pitch and tone quality should remain consistent <span style="font-size: small;">from beginning to end. </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;">If the reed passes this test, I think you will notice that it also does a lot of other things well. It will articulate easily, "problem" notes will be stable, it will slur large intervals smoothly, etc.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;">Why does this one test predict success in other areas so well? <b><u>Because it tests how symmetrical the reed's tip opening remains under more or less lip and air pressure during the hairpin.</u></b></span><br />
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<i><span style="font-size: small;">It's all about the tip opening, folks!!</span></i><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;">A reed whose tip cannot be closed or reopened symmetrically during a dynamic change will fail in other areas as well. There is either something faulty about its construction or the cane is of poor quality.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;">Try this test for yourself! It will save you time. </span><br />
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<br />Barry Steeshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10736336953457008419noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4157026828398818599.post-10848521465098400372018-01-03T11:19:00.002-08:002018-01-03T11:19:32.024-08:00Over the BreakWhile many of us are enjoying a Christmas or winter break, I'd like to talk about a different break.<br />
<br />
A reader who is an adult beginner requested advice on successfully navigating slurs that bridge the register break on the bassoon. That would be any note from open F (F2) or below to any note above open F. This break occurs due to a lack of a true octave key on the bassoon.<br />
<br />
Coordinating the movement of many fingers on both hands can make this difficult. Another issue is the half hole used when slurring to F#, G or G# -- also made necessary by the lack of a proper octave key or vent.<br />
<br />
A few things to check if slurring to these notes is problematic.<br />
<br />
<ol>
<li>Reed tip opening needs to be sufficient (1 mm at least at widest point between blades) to accommodate the change in air speed from the primary octave to the overblown (second) octave.</li>
<li>Reed needs to be strong enough to handle the change in airspeed without closing up. Softer reeds make this difficult.</li>
<li>Embouchure should remain relaxed while increasing air speed. No biting!</li>
<li>When removing fingers from the body of the bassoon, keep them as close
as possible. Lift them straight off the bassoon just a few millimeters,
not at an angle. This way, you have a greater chance of covering the
tone holes completely when you return them. Use the mirror to check for
excess motion.</li>
<li>Half hole technique needs to be secure. </li>
</ol>
Regarding the half hole technique, opening different amounts for each of the three notes (F#, G, G#) helps. F# = 3/4 open, G = 1/2 open, G# 1/4 open.<br />
<br />
To refine the half hole technique:<br />
<ol>
<li>Use a mirror to see what your index finger is doing. </li>
<li>Pretend the tip of your index finger is glued to the tone hole. It can be rotated down towards the E tone hole, but not lifted off because of the "glue". </li>
<li>Practice half holing with your finger and thumb on a pencil. Rotate the index finger without lifting it.</li>
<li>Or practice by making the "OK" sign with your thumb and index finger. Rotate the index finger left and right without losing contact with the thumb. Keep the thumb steady and don't let it move.</li>
</ol>
The Weissenborn Method introduces slurs over the register break in a pedagogically solid sequence.<br />
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-pPmMiVDI_tw/Wk0qPmJ9HxI/AAAAAAAAEJo/odk8QaF_NxEeN0cSm3qkm7W_me5NECQggCLcBGAs/s1600/Weissenborn%2B%25282%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="602" data-original-width="1600" height="150" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-pPmMiVDI_tw/Wk0qPmJ9HxI/AAAAAAAAEJo/odk8QaF_NxEeN0cSm3qkm7W_me5NECQggCLcBGAs/s400/Weissenborn%2B%25282%2529.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
Note that Weissenborn starts with a G-F slur in the top exercise. It's easier to form the half hole G fingering and then remove fingers slur to F, than it is to start with open F and slur to G. After this action is mastered the student can then move on to the second exercise in which an F-G slur is added to the G-F slur.<br />
Barry Steeshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10736336953457008419noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4157026828398818599.post-19860439576008358422018-01-01T12:17:00.002-08:002018-01-01T12:17:19.841-08:00Inside of a Reed<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-DKcvlKxEnK0/WkqUK9rTySI/AAAAAAAAEJQ/r78sX_Qoz6UzvspK-5Qx7tdIdFGm_xErQCLcBGAs/s1600/groucho.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="174" data-original-width="290" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-DKcvlKxEnK0/WkqUK9rTySI/AAAAAAAAEJQ/r78sX_Qoz6UzvspK-5Qx7tdIdFGm_xErQCLcBGAs/s1600/groucho.jpg" /></a></div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><i><span class="_Tgc"><b>Outside of a dog</b>, a book is a man's best friend. Inside of a <b>dog</b> it's too dark to read.</span></i></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="_Tgc"><span style="font-size: small;"> - Groucho Marx -</span> </span></span></div>
<br />
Instead of the inside of a dog, I'd like to discuss the inside of a <b>reed</b> in this post!<br />
<br />
The taper of the space inside the reed from tip to butt end constitutes a continuation of the taper of the bassoon bore.<br />
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<b>Therefore, it stands to reason that any change of the dimensions of this space changes the bore of the bassoon at that point and, thus, changes the way the reed responds and sounds.</b><br />
<br />
Yet, after an initial reaming and adjustment of wire roundness, few bassoonists examine this aspect of the reed.<br />
<br />
However, the photos below demonstrate how much change can occur on its own inside the reed during its lifetime.<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-pBg571DU7l0/Wkp_loh-vlI/AAAAAAAAEIc/zVmgNjJ-8iQ0eMXfCeai889-BsRmb9NdQCLcBGAs/s1600/pin.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="320" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-pBg571DU7l0/Wkp_loh-vlI/AAAAAAAAEIc/zVmgNjJ-8iQ0eMXfCeai889-BsRmb9NdQCLcBGAs/s320/pin.jpg" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr align="left"><td class="tr-caption">Reed next to mandrel pin for comparison. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
Note that the tip of the mandrel pin, when inserted, would extend well under the blade. The pin has a collar stop for
consistent reaming depth. Forming and drying blanks using a mandrel pin like this ensure a
consistent interior taper from tip to butt end from reed to
reed.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-jyXQcViFhAw/WkqALsoLPCI/AAAAAAAAEIo/ayEXL63Z7KEF7qUtNheZ3wdEjhq8XJVdwCLcBGAs/s1600/reamer.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="320" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-jyXQcViFhAw/WkqALsoLPCI/AAAAAAAAEIo/ayEXL63Z7KEF7qUtNheZ3wdEjhq8XJVdwCLcBGAs/s320/reamer.jpg" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Reamer with reed.</td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Using a reamer like this gives a consistent taper to each reed from butt to throat. Many other reamers are shorter and do not size the throat of the reed.</div>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-gaPMQj0XnBY/Wkp_j6pr_MI/AAAAAAAAEIY/G999hOWzRYY-WUIeO8ebl9GwjrFNKYNOwCLcBGAs/s1600/allthewayon.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="320" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-gaPMQj0XnBY/Wkp_j6pr_MI/AAAAAAAAEIY/G999hOWzRYY-WUIeO8ebl9GwjrFNKYNOwCLcBGAs/s320/allthewayon.jpg" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A reed after proper reaming with butt end at collar stop of the mandrel pin.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-WX-VZjcay-s/WkqJ2dv9trI/AAAAAAAAEI8/rYY3oI3FgOoMxe1UKOn6NxgTb4jbobZIACLcBGAs/s1600/bad%2Bfit.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1199" height="320" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-WX-VZjcay-s/WkqJ2dv9trI/AAAAAAAAEI8/rYY3oI3FgOoMxe1UKOn6NxgTb4jbobZIACLcBGAs/s320/bad%2Bfit.jpg" width="239" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Mature reed fitted on mandrel pin.</td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"> </td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"> </td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"> </td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"> </td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Note that the reed no longer fits all the way on the pin. During soaking, the cane in the tube area expands inward, taking up some of the space inside.<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-QaK3AdR2qyA/WkqJ55KvTiI/AAAAAAAAEJA/8yT35H388xEKjFj28KerKw-5CMY2-V__gCLcBGAs/s1600/misfit.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="320" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-QaK3AdR2qyA/WkqJ55KvTiI/AAAAAAAAEJA/8yT35H388xEKjFj28KerKw-5CMY2-V__gCLcBGAs/s320/misfit.jpg" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Change of taper in throat after repeated soaking and drying due to continuous use.</td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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In the two photos above, you can see that the reed's interior dimensions have greatly changed as the reed has been soaked, played on and dried over time. The above is an extreme example, but I have found that this happens to some degree to <b>EVERY</b> reed. </div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
Aside from the fact that the reed in the above photos doesn't fit on the bocal as far or as securely as when it was reamed new, is there a problem here?</div>
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Many have noticed that reeds, as they age and are played in tend to rise in pitch and loose vibrancy. Some of this is due to embouchure pressure and finishing scrapes and adjustments made to the exterior of the reed.</div>
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<i><u>However, I have found that these deleterious effects can be lessened and the reed's performance can be improved and even extended by re-sizing the taper inside the reed.</u></i></div>
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The two easiest ways to do this are:</div>
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<br /></div>
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1. Re-ream the reed periodically. You must use a reamer that reaches into the throat of the reed, however. Most reamers are shorter and do not address this part of the reed.</div>
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<br /></div>
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2. Push the soaked reed on the mandrel pin to nudge the reed back to original dimensions.</div>
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<br /></div>
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Re-reaming the reed is most effective. However, if the original ream is pretty aggressive, due to bevel and shape (amount of backflair), you may not want to thin the reed at that point by repeated re-reamings. Also, reaming can be messy, with lots of reamed fibers accumulating inside the reed throat.</div>
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<br /></div>
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I usually re-ream a reed just once or twice during its lifespan.</div>
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Re-sizing the reed tube and throat with a mandrel pin is quicker and not messy at all. If you need to twist to get the reed tube up to the collar stop, twist as little as possible and twist in both directions.</div>
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However, re-sizing this way is temporary. It lasts a short while and then the cane relaxes back to its collapsed position again.</div>
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Re-sizing the reed a few times over use is helpful in maintaining the opening dimensions. Initially, dry the reed out outside of the case by placing it on your drying rack with it fully inserted into the mandrel pin. You can even soak the reed with it on the mandrel pin before playing on it. Doing this a few times is sufficient. After a week or so, the reed will stabilize and no longer shrink in the tube and throat.</div>
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I've found that reeds maintained this way preserve resonance and steady pitch longer and are just generally usable longer.</div>
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Try these ideas and see what you find!</div>
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If you don't have a reamer that shapes the throat as well as the tube (most are shorter than mine), or don't have a mandrel pin that extends past under the first wire of your reeds, check out these products on my <a href="https://www.steesbassoon.com/products">website</a>.</div>
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If you are concerned about cracking your reeds using these tools, just be sure the first wire is round enough to accept the tips of these tools before inserting. A normal first wire opening works fine for me resulting in about 1mm between blades at tip's widest opening. No problem! </div>
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As usual, most of these ideas are not my original, so I'd like to credit friend and bassoonist, James Roberson for his idea about using the mandrel to re-size the reed's interior.</div>
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Also, check out the <a href="http://arundoresearch.com/the-fixed-chamber-reed/">fixed chamber reed</a> of Mark Eubanks of Arundo Research Corporation.</div>
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There is also very interesting research done by British bassoonist, Thomas Palmer. <a href="https://www.idrs.org/publications/controlled/Journal/JNL4/study.html">A Study of the Air Gap Between Blades of a Reed</a>.</div>
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<br />Barry Steeshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10736336953457008419noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4157026828398818599.post-48419833500893036402017-12-19T06:41:00.001-08:002017-12-19T06:41:08.839-08:00Heinrich Density corrections and "Christmas Star"I've updated my <a href="http://steesbassoon.blogspot.com/2017/12/cane-microscopy.html">previous post</a> about cane density, thanks to some helpful corrections from Jean-Marie Heinrich. Some of the terminology I used was incorrect or inaccurate and he also provided more information on his methods.<br />
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Since <a href="http://steesbassoon.blogspot.com/2017/12/cane-microscopy.html">this post</a> got (is getting) a lot of views, I thought I would update it to show these corrections. If you've already read it, go back and have a look again. I think it will make more sense now.<br />
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Heinrich also sent me this discovery from under his microscope.<br />
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Bassoon Cane Christmas Omen?<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-vHsUYdR64bE/Wjkkij9eC0I/AAAAAAAAEHw/QgnXvfF4Vu8MU638q2k0NV-4ymneuFjPgCLcBGAs/s1600/cane%2Bchristmas.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="427" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-vHsUYdR64bE/Wjkkij9eC0I/AAAAAAAAEHw/QgnXvfF4Vu8MU638q2k0NV-4ymneuFjPgCLcBGAs/s400/cane%2Bchristmas.jpeg" width="266" /></a></div>
<br />Barry Steeshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10736336953457008419noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4157026828398818599.post-39768240840085732382017-12-14T08:14:00.002-08:002017-12-19T06:30:43.062-08:00Cane microscopyI recently received a wonderful email from researcher, Jean-Marie Heinrich. He is the one who wrote the article, <a href="https://www.idrs.org/publications/controlled/Journal/JNL7/BSNREED.html">"The Bassoon Reed"</a>, published in the Journal of the International Double Reed Society. Required reading for all serious reed makers!<br />
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Jean-Marie shared with me some photos of cane taken at the microscopic level. He has added a level of artistry through use of different dyes.<br />
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Most notable are his comparisons of cane of different densities. Here is scientific evidence of why reeds feel different from one to the next, although the construction may be nearly identical. <br />
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In the photos, the background material is cellulose, the triangular or teardrop shaped objects are lignified cellulose or vascular bundles. A lignin is: "<span class="oneClick-link">A</span> <span class="oneClick-link oneClick-available">complex</span> <span class="oneClick-link">organic</span> <span class="oneClick-link">compound</span> <span class="oneClick-link">that</span> <span class="oneClick-link">binds</span> <span class="oneClick-link">to</span> <span class="oneClick-link">cellulose</span> <span class="oneClick-link oneClick-available">fibers</span> <span class="oneClick-link">and</span> <span class="oneClick-link">hardens</span> <span class="oneClick-link">and</span> <span class="oneClick-link">strengthens</span> <span class="oneClick-link">the</span> <span class="oneClick-link">cell</span> <span class="oneClick-link">walls</span> <span class="oneClick-link">of</span> <span class="oneClick-link oneClick-available">plants." - American Heritage Science Dictionary.</span><br />
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<span class="oneClick-link oneClick-available">The vascular bundles surround two tubular structures called the <a href="http://www.dictionary.com/browse/xylem"><i>xylem</i></a>. They function as a circulatory system for nutrients in <i>Arundo donax</i>. </span><br />
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<span class="oneClick-link oneClick-available">More and/or thicker vascular bundles = dense cane.</span><br />
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-1FimliROFOo/WjKezz7x4aI/AAAAAAAAEGg/QCuT_sYATOcVffqpZMrUSZuIThmZcoRjQCLcBGAs/s1600/high%2Bdensity.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="853" data-original-width="1280" height="426" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-1FimliROFOo/WjKezz7x4aI/AAAAAAAAEGg/QCuT_sYATOcVffqpZMrUSZuIThmZcoRjQCLcBGAs/s640/high%2Bdensity.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
A split piece of tube cane showing high density. Cellulose is the white background, vascular bundles, brown/yellow "teardrops". The more important difference between this photo and the one below is the thicker bark in the photo above. (no dye or reagent used)<br />
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Another piece showing low density. Vascular bundles thinner and less numerous. Bark is thinner. (no dye or reagent used)<br />
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High density with cellulose appearing blue, lignified cells appear green. High lignification, thick bark. These two samples were not stained, but the colors are the result of chemical reaction to the reagent Toluidine blue. Cellulose and lignified cells react differently to the reagent, thus resulting in different colors.<br />
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Low density with blue staining. Cell wall structure immature. Almost no lignification.<br />
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Oboe cane microscopy -- high density. The vascular bundles look like little aliens floating in cellulose!<br />
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Oboe cane (same magnification) - low density.<br />
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1000 sections of oboe cane tube sorted by density. Lowest density on the left, highest on right. Each reed maker must draw his/her own conclusions about what density is best for use in reed making. A sample of not less than 1000pcs is large enough for accurate and repeatable results.<br />
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<span id="goog_1605316064"></span><span id="goog_1605316065"></span><br />Barry Steeshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10736336953457008419noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4157026828398818599.post-6403303515770747492017-10-02T12:51:00.002-07:002017-10-02T14:20:09.399-07:00Phyllis McGinley Song Cycle<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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It's been a year since the bassoon world lost one of its leading figures; K. David Van Hoesen. I thought it would be fitting to upload the wonderful recording he made with Jan DeGaetani<br />
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and his daughter, Gretchen Van Hoesen<br />
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of Alec Wilder's Phyllis McGinley Song Cycle.<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fg47hA-2QvA"> Listen here</a>:<br />
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Here are the poems he set:<br />
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<br />Barry Steeshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10736336953457008419noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4157026828398818599.post-25555471208226481602017-09-05T08:35:00.000-07:002017-09-05T08:35:31.849-07:00Malambo, Nostalgica and Wilder videosI've just uploaded some videos to YouTube.<br />
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Malambo, Op.115 by Miguel del Aguila. This is my live performance from May of this year with the MOSA quartet.<br />
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Nostalgica for Bassoon and String Quartet, also from May performance. Miguel revised this piece for our performance. <br />
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And, continuing my homage to my former teacher, K. David Van Hoesen, here is his recording of Alec Wilder's Sonata #3 for Bassoon and Piano with Bill Dobbins.<br />
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<br />Barry Steeshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10736336953457008419noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4157026828398818599.post-36960375193720240572017-08-30T10:07:00.001-07:002017-08-30T14:35:34.476-07:00Bozza Recit, Sicilienne et Rondo<i>Recit, Sicilienne et Rondo</i> by Eugene Bozza is one of the best Paris Conservatory pieces out there. I have just posted my live performance at the University of Arkansas from this past April on <a href="https://youtu.be/tGkO3K8A_zo">YouTube</a> .<br />
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Anyone performing this piece will notice that the edition contains several obvious errors. I'll list them below.<br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>BASSOON PART</b></span><br />
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<ul>
<li>In the first line above, the second turn should end in an E eighth note, not a C.</li>
<li>At the <i>Lent</i> indication, the 32nds should be in BASS CLEF, not tenor. This is from K. David Van Hoesen who told me that in an earlier edition, the clef change happened only at the beginning of the next line. The Bb (instead of F) start to the <i>Lent</i> makes more sense harmonically, since it fits with the quasi diminished 7th arpeggios just before it. An F would not fit. Also, the F gives an implied V-I cadence in a place where there is no functional harmony.</li>
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<ul>
<li> Anyone playing through this page with a pianist will quickly discover that the measures rest tally at #5 is long by a measure. Also the rests in the fourth bar of #5 give that bar too much value.</li>
<li>A slur and tie are missing from the second measure before #10. Compare to 5 before #10.</li>
</ul>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>PIANO PART </b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b> </b> </span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">There are errors in the piano part as well.</span><br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-EEizG18eS5Y/WabifPSiK1I/AAAAAAAAD_Y/qZvOkvhr8RgR0pN_ZCpcriq2VL7VitYnQCEwYBhgL/s1600/Bozzapiano%2B%25282%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="545" data-original-width="1600" height="216" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-EEizG18eS5Y/WabifPSiK1I/AAAAAAAAD_Y/qZvOkvhr8RgR0pN_ZCpcriq2VL7VitYnQCEwYBhgL/s640/Bozzapiano%2B%25282%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">This is not an omission or error, but simply a way of making the opening more dramatic. This is what Van Hoesen added to the piano part. Try it! It sounds really great!</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-xlKUQIWptLo/WabnpgwE1zI/AAAAAAAAD_o/XDdPtSv-7i4fzBVBOL8Cpg7SuVK3dFSMQCLcBGAs/s1600/Bozzapianop2%2B%25282%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1574" data-original-width="1600" height="628" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-xlKUQIWptLo/WabnpgwE1zI/AAAAAAAAD_o/XDdPtSv-7i4fzBVBOL8Cpg7SuVK3dFSMQCLcBGAs/s640/Bozzapianop2%2B%25282%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></div>
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In the above, the 3/4 bars with the septuplets in them need a quarter rest, not an eighth. Perhaps the original had the old-fashioned French quarter rests that look like reversed eighth rests?</div>
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In the above, the rolled chords in the first two measures should be half notes, not quarters.</div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"></span><br />Barry Steeshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10736336953457008419noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4157026828398818599.post-45057347483431057942017-08-12T07:40:00.001-07:002017-08-12T07:40:51.967-07:00Alborada del GraciosoWe're performing Ravel's Alborada del Gracioso
this weekend. Originally composed as a piece for piano solo, Ravel
himself orchestrated it. In doing so, he gave the four short solo lines
about a third of the way through the piece to the bassoon.<br />
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-g89_vDNty1k/WY8OB4rJIII/AAAAAAAAD-g/b478vNAz4XQ3g7nvs75yLQgCIsSpHulQwCLcBGAs/s1600/Alborada600.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1166" height="640" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-g89_vDNty1k/WY8OB4rJIII/AAAAAAAAD-g/b478vNAz4XQ3g7nvs75yLQgCIsSpHulQwCLcBGAs/s640/Alborada600.jpg" width="465" /></a></div>
Beginning
at 9, the bassoon has four short unaccompanied solos joined by shorter
and shorter impressionistic interludes by the strings and percussion.<br />
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Prior to the first solo there is a massive orchestral chord. <b>Wait a beat or two before starting to let the air clear!</b><br />
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All
grace note groups in these solos should start with a light
articulation. Tongue single grace notes and the first of a group of
grace notes. Accented notes and notes with tenutos
under big slurs should also receive a light articulation. This will
help bring them out and give them the necessary tonal weight required by
the <i>recitativo</i> indication. <b>Don't stop the air</b> prior to articulation under the big slurs, simply give the note in question a gentle nudge!<br />
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Notice the rhythmic accelerandos in the first and last solos. These should be executed with some freedom. Play them a bit as if notated as an accelerando
on the SAME repeated note value ("basketball bouncing by itself on the
gym floor" effect). Don't let them sound like a musical math problem!<br />
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The middle two solos, being shorter and smaller in pitch compass, should be more mellow and understated than the outer two.<br />
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Notice the combination of "faster" (<i>pressez</i>)
and "softer" during the triplets in the fourth solo! These two
indications do not often go together -- louder/faster is more common.<br />
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Tempo for these solos should be slower than the interludes and can vary. Try them at roughly half the tempo of the interludes ( <span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "MS Gothic"; line-height: 115%;">♩=</span></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Gothic"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: small;">♪</span>).</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS Gothic"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Gothic"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span>
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<br />Barry Steeshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10736336953457008419noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4157026828398818599.post-7574024431377065502017-08-08T08:43:00.000-07:002017-08-08T08:43:36.104-07:00Sestak 5 Inventions<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-8W8rKUh0w2U/WYnbNntDPVI/AAAAAAAAD84/4R-m3qwk-wsZQKhi9x75UY-x4nFLrsPqACLcBGAs/s1600/Sestak.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="190" data-original-width="190" height="320" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-8W8rKUh0w2U/WYnbNntDPVI/AAAAAAAAD84/4R-m3qwk-wsZQKhi9x75UY-x4nFLrsPqACLcBGAs/s320/Sestak.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
I've just uploaded my performance of Zdenek Sestak's 5 Virtuoso Inventions for Bassoon to <a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCrJ_G9nB1vew1eGSDb_ophg">YouTube</a><br />
<br />
This live performance is part of a recital I gave at the University of Arkansas on April 12th of this year.<br />
<br />
I will be uploading other performances in the coming weeks, so subscribe to my channel for notifications. You may also subscribe to this blog to get notifications of postings.Barry Steeshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10736336953457008419noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4157026828398818599.post-42578593445669694582017-08-03T07:18:00.001-07:002017-08-03T07:20:52.905-07:00A little helpLast week was quite busy. On Wednesday, I performed the Villa-Lobos Duo and Willard Elliot's Six French Songs from the 15th Century with Frank Rosenwein and Jerry Wong, piano. The day of the performance I had a double rehearsal of Schumann Symphony #3 with the Orchestra.<br />
<br />
The weekend contained two concerts with heavy programs. In addition to the Schumann program, the other concert had Mozart Piano Concerto in c minor, No. 24 and Rachmaninov's Symphony #2.<br />
<br />
In the weeks leading up to the performances, I was beginning to feel some pain in my left hand and thumb. I should note that we rehearsed and played the Villa-Lobos standing up, partly due to the lack of good places to turn pages. This added to the weight on my left hand.<br />
<br />
Using a balance hanger when standing up is helpful to redistribute the weight because it relocates the fulcrum of balance so that the left hand carries less of it.<br />
<br />
However, I was also looking for a way to take some of the weight off the left hand when sitting down. Using a neck strap in concert with a seat strap can work. The neck strap is tied to the back of the chair and hooked in the ring on the boot.<br />
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I wanted to show you something even better.<br />
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-wZIOYwLA3kA/WYIHK0wHgDI/AAAAAAAAD8A/ZXXdFUIj7bsvOabJKPCCIQoxVDeiGYPTQCLcBGAs/s1600/onbsn.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="300" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-wZIOYwLA3kA/WYIHK0wHgDI/AAAAAAAAD8A/ZXXdFUIj7bsvOabJKPCCIQoxVDeiGYPTQCLcBGAs/s400/onbsn.JPG" width="400" /></a></div>
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Chicago Symphony bassoonist, Dennis Michel gave this to me when we meet on our tour this January.<br />
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It consists of a clamp (available at any hardware store) with two holes drilled in it for an elastic band. The two holes are in addition to the factory drilled hole, which is in an inconvenient spot.The clamp fastens to the back of a chair.<br />
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-oEp1sv0gUxM/WYIJY4tJ_iI/AAAAAAAAD8E/PqCDqjEGc-QGRoUk8oadEdRSf7s34XZNgCLcBGAs/s1600/IMG-0010.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="320" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-oEp1sv0gUxM/WYIJY4tJ_iI/AAAAAAAAD8E/PqCDqjEGc-QGRoUk8oadEdRSf7s34XZNgCLcBGAs/s320/IMG-0010.JPG" width="240" /></a></div>
Below is the clamp with the band itself with S-hook with snaps and a small cord lock on the other end.<br />
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-KPawv0N8Fqo/WYIJifnyVVI/AAAAAAAAD8I/pmuKFmVas9EJgREubMS7sXIWHZvGKEfVACLcBGAs/s1600/IMG-0009.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="320" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-KPawv0N8Fqo/WYIJifnyVVI/AAAAAAAAD8I/pmuKFmVas9EJgREubMS7sXIWHZvGKEfVACLcBGAs/s320/IMG-0009.JPG" width="240" /></a></div>
The length/tension on the band can be adjusted by opening the lock and pulling or pushing the band through. <br />
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-S3WCQ1stR28/WYIJqOjfxWI/AAAAAAAAD8M/9Pf21eA1M_oGBn6P4ilgMMC_o9Yxbw7PwCLcBGAs/s1600/IMG-0011.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="320" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-S3WCQ1stR28/WYIJqOjfxWI/AAAAAAAAD8M/9Pf21eA1M_oGBn6P4ilgMMC_o9Yxbw7PwCLcBGAs/s320/IMG-0011.JPG" width="240" /></a></div>
This is available from REI.Barry Steeshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10736336953457008419noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4157026828398818599.post-34175856275919579432017-07-19T17:32:00.000-07:002017-07-22T07:36:56.166-07:00Reed blade measurements<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-deMwiqOEzr0/WVFMzc4fzJI/AAAAAAAAD6E/EQSX1TyHr0851LA77sZsfmFW1bCU4lOGQCLcBGAs/s1600/reed%2Bgrid.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-deMwiqOEzr0/WVFMzc4fzJI/AAAAAAAAD6E/EQSX1TyHr0851LA77sZsfmFW1bCU4lOGQCLcBGAs/s640/reed%2Bgrid.jpg" width="480" /></a></div>
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<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 24.0pt; line-height: 115%;">1st WIRE UP</span></b><span style="font-size: 24.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
</td>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Left
Rail</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Left
Channel</span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Center</b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Right Channel</b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Right Rail</b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">TIP</b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
.004"</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
.004"</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
.008"</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
.008"</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
.005"</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">1/8"</b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
.0065"</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
.009"</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
.016"</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
.012"</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
.006"</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">1/4"</b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
.008"</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
.015"</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
.0205"</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
.016"</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
.009"</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">3/8"</b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
.0095"</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
.0185"</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
.024"</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
.0185"</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
.0125"</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">1/2"</b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
.011"</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
.021"</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
.027"</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
.0205"</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
.015"</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">5/8"</b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
.020"</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
.0235"</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
.0285"</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
.0215"</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
.018"</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">3/4"</b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
.0235"</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
.026"</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
.030"</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
.023"</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
.0205"</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 8;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">7/8"</b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
.027"</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
.0275"</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
.031"</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
.026"</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
.0245"</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 9; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">1"</b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
.030"</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
.032"</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
.034"</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
.031"</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
.0305"</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 24.0pt; line-height: 115%;">1st WIRE DOWN</span></b></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Left Rail</b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Left Channel</b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Center</b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Right Channel</b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Right Rail</b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">TIP</b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
.005"</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
.006"</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
.009"</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
.007"</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
.005"</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">1/8"</b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
.007"</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
.011"</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
.016"</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
.0115"</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
.006"</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">1/4"</b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
.009"</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
.015"</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
.020"</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
.016"</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
.010"</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">3/8"</b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
.013"</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
.020"</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
.0235"</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
.020"</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
.012"</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">1/2"</b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
.015"</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
.022"</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
.027"</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
.021"</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
.0145"</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">5/8"</b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
.017"</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
.023"</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
.029"</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
.023"</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
.020"</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">3/4"</b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
.019"</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
.023"</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
.030"</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
.023"</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
.023"</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 8;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">7/8"</b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
.023"</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
.025"</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
.030"</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
.025"</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
.028"</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 9; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">1"</b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
.030"</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
.030'</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
.034"</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
.030"</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
.035"</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
Barry Steeshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10736336953457008419noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4157026828398818599.post-83678114112798564272017-07-12T19:14:00.001-07:002017-07-12T19:16:19.815-07:00Reed Morgue againIn a previous post, I discussed the benefits of taking apart used reeds and measuring the blades. You can read about it<a href="http://steesbassoon.blogspot.com/2016/02/the-reed-morgue.html"> here</a><br />
<br />
What I didn't describe in the old post, was how to measure the blade. You can use a dial indicator to measure, but keep a few things in mind. Since the tip of the indicator is rounded, it's best to measure the gouged side of the blade, not the exterior. This is because the rounded tip will conform better to the curve of the gouge, especially in the back of the blade where the curve is greater.<br />
<br />
To make the blade as flat as possible without cracking it, you'll need to soak the cane. If you're in a hurry, you can boil it. Flatten the blade out using a heavy object like a paperweight and apply some downward pressure. Even if you get a small crack or two, you can work around this. You could also chop off the tube to eliminate cracking.<br />
<br />
Measure the blade at each 1/8" from tip to collar. Measurement must be as accurate as possible so the numbers you get will accurately reflect blade thickness at all points. Mark the spine first by finding the exact midpoint of the width of the tip and the midpoint of the width at the throat. Connect the centers with a line. Do the same for the channels and rails.<br />
<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-xgTNLSAs5vU/WVaTOYeKetI/AAAAAAAAD6c/1FoFjNbHqXw4ZsIKZW0hl0krUS939cvcQCLcBGAs/s1600/reed%2Bgrid.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="320" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-xgTNLSAs5vU/WVaTOYeKetI/AAAAAAAAD6c/1FoFjNbHqXw4ZsIKZW0hl0krUS939cvcQCLcBGAs/s320/reed%2Bgrid.jpg" width="240" /></a></div>
Barry Steeshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10736336953457008419noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4157026828398818599.post-10943020394047922492017-07-07T06:35:00.002-07:002017-07-07T06:35:55.002-07:00Van Hoesen Teaching, Part 3 -- Reading and Listening<br />
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Qa5708pP3B0/WV-OCujq_DI/AAAAAAAAD68/C1czniRIhngDSH-d6HwMlrjcPwm5_-efQCLcBGAs/s1600/KDKolker%2B%25282%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Qa5708pP3B0/WV-OCujq_DI/AAAAAAAAD68/C1czniRIhngDSH-d6HwMlrjcPwm5_-efQCLcBGAs/s640/KDKolker%2B%25282%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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David Van Hoesen was interested in the overall education of his students. He encouraged his students to seek out recordings of the best violinists, pianists, singers and orchestras. He believed that a fine bassoonist should also have knowledge of literature and art.<br />
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Here is his reading and listening list:<br />
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ziAbXxWi7Og/WV-L9PPxznI/AAAAAAAAD6w/jb_tYD9SZEsrQyF_geuvmao2jDSZ5E5sQCLcBGAs/s1600/KDreading.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1230" height="640" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ziAbXxWi7Og/WV-L9PPxznI/AAAAAAAAD6w/jb_tYD9SZEsrQyF_geuvmao2jDSZ5E5sQCLcBGAs/s640/KDreading.jpg" width="491" /></a></div>
<br />Barry Steeshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10736336953457008419noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4157026828398818599.post-61020855564303191002017-07-02T11:05:00.000-07:002017-07-02T11:05:11.024-07:00Van Hoesen Teaching, Part 2, Scales and Arpeggios<br />
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-iB4Et7-pz_w/WVAp2Llx_NI/AAAAAAAAD5M/dlud9fjn7WY8dhDSw1PlS3MtDf0Ei_NFwCLcBGAs/s1600/KD3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="160" data-original-width="160" height="320" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-iB4Et7-pz_w/WVAp2Llx_NI/AAAAAAAAD5M/dlud9fjn7WY8dhDSw1PlS3MtDf0Ei_NFwCLcBGAs/s320/KD3.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
Below is David Van Hoesen's Scale and Arpeggio routine. The goal is to become familiar with the different scale patterns and chords in a particular key during a week's worth of practicing (one key per week). All exercises except the Broken Arpeggio are to be done with a metronome for evenness and speed.<br />
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Along with perfecting the technique, the focus should be on playing with a beautiful sound, good intonation and a musical sense in all registers.<br />
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The Arpeggios in Sequence are taken directly from a violin exercise by Carl Flesch.</div>
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A word about the Broken Arpeggio exercise. It is to be done slowly working for a beautiful, smooth connection between notes. Pay attention to embouchure, breath support and smooth, gentle fingers to achieve a smooth, expressive slur for each interval. This is a great exercise for breaking in new reeds as well!</div>
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Here is another version of this that may print more clearly. It is also available on my <a href="https://www.steesbassoon.com/for-students">website</a>. Scroll nearly to the bottom to find it.</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-S-c48qkOuRk/WVAsPoqY_BI/AAAAAAAAD5g/O8ISDjFbx5UaQ8JrDN4HShR1zmKoOKCOACLcBGAs/s1600/scales%2Band%2Barpeggios1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1236" height="640" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-S-c48qkOuRk/WVAsPoqY_BI/AAAAAAAAD5g/O8ISDjFbx5UaQ8JrDN4HShR1zmKoOKCOACLcBGAs/s640/scales%2Band%2Barpeggios1.jpg" width="492" /></a></div>
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<br />Barry Steeshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10736336953457008419noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4157026828398818599.post-36051686541389801132017-06-29T05:56:00.001-07:002017-06-29T05:56:42.663-07:00K. David Van Hoesen - Teaching, Part 1<br />
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This is the first in a series of posts about the teaching of K. David Van Hoesen (1926-2015). He was the bassoon teacher at the Eastman School of Music from the mid-1950's through the 1980's. Former students of his populate the major orchestras of the United States and the faculties of many music schools across the country.<br />
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Van Hoesen passed on his teaching orally in lessons and master classes. Therefore, there's not a lot of written material to be had covering his teaching. However, I've collected a few things and his son-in-law, oboist Jim Gorton has shared some material with me.<br />
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The following must have been a set of notes he used for a class. He mentions the Saint-Sans Bassoon Sonata and must have taught that in the class. These are maxims we heard in our lessons on a regular basis.<br />
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Perhaps a few of these maxims require a bit of explanation. <b>#4</b> and <b>#5</b>, <i>"Slow notes go fast, fast notes go slow"</i> doesn't mean to rush longer value notes and drag shorter value notes.<br />
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The idea here is to create motion during long notes so the phrase doesn't die. With faster notes, the idea is to make sure they take up all the space they're allowed so they are expressive, voiced with the same care as a long note and don't get compressed.<br />
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<br />Barry Steeshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10736336953457008419noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4157026828398818599.post-1095987580837120742017-06-27T06:17:00.001-07:002017-06-27T06:17:11.926-07:00The Best PerspectiveLast week at the International Double Reed Society Conference I had a memorable experience.<br />
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The Conference was held on the campus of Lawrence University. On the bottom level of its Warsh Center was a wonderful cafeteria where many of the attendees ate lunch.<br />
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One afternoon I bought lunch and sat down at a table of bassoonists. We were all discussing various technical matters related to the bassoon when an elderly woman came by and sat down next to me.<br />
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She started a familiar conversation with me. She is 81 years old and had never heard a bassoonist play a solo before. I had played on the concert the night before and she heard me. Her eyes lit up with excitement as she described the wonder she felt at hearing what a bassoon sounded like up close. She said she'd waited 81 years to hear the sound of a bassoon!<br />
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I noticed she was not wearing the lanyard we all wore as Conference participants. She must have been one of the very few people in the cafeteria not directly involved with the Conference. <br />
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Unlike the rest of us who were there to advance careers, perform new pieces, sell merchandise, etc., she was attending just to hear the instruments and our music.<br />
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After lunch, I walked across the campus to another venue. On my way, she passed me on her bike (!) and wished me a good day! She was a local resident, just taking advantage of the unique opportunity to hear music for double reed instruments on a particular week in June in her town!<br />
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It occurs to me that it is really people like this woman for whom we perform. Many people have heard a violinist play a solo, but I'm sure many of you share the experience I've had when I say, that after 40 years of a career as a bassoonist, I still hear from audience members who have <b>NEVER</b> heard a bassoonist play a solo.<br />
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As we seek levels of ever rarefied perfection in our practicing, it's vital for us to rememberthat the audience member's perspective is often <u><b>that of someone hearing our music and our instrument for the first time!</b></u>Barry Steeshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10736336953457008419noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4157026828398818599.post-55560009538413382052017-06-25T13:56:00.001-07:002017-06-25T13:56:43.884-07:00Malambo at IDRS<br />
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ylZLBrP0PiI/WVAhBS0MKJI/AAAAAAAAD4U/bxdJkPqZ8jgAe4AHqOh0v3kg3Vu4CweRQCLcBGAs/s1600/Malambo.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="723" data-original-width="1280" height="360" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ylZLBrP0PiI/WVAhBS0MKJI/AAAAAAAAD4U/bxdJkPqZ8jgAe4AHqOh0v3kg3Vu4CweRQCLcBGAs/s640/Malambo.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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Last Tuesday I performed <a href="http://www.migueldelaguila.com/">Miguel del Aguila's</a> <i>Malambo</i> with orchestra at the International Double Reed Society Conference in Appleton, Wisconsin. The concert was on the Lawrence University Campus in Memorial Chapel. </div>
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Previously this spring I had performed the two other versions of this piece for bassoon and piano at the University of Arkansas and with string quartet here in Cleveland on the Arts Renaissance Cleveland concert series. Now I've performed all three versions!</div>
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The version for bassoon and string orchestra adds the bass section, of course. There is a wonderful <i>soli </i>for them accompanying the bassoon at the beginning! </div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-TIeBa9blLHc/WVAhJTLyR7I/AAAAAAAAD4c/bFSTrH7LyFMok1eUqgZ6yBLDtrfQsYZRACLcBGAs/s1600/malamboconcert2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="813" data-original-width="1600" height="324" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-TIeBa9blLHc/WVAhJTLyR7I/AAAAAAAAD4c/bFSTrH7LyFMok1eUqgZ6yBLDtrfQsYZRACLcBGAs/s640/malamboconcert2.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
Miguel was there and heard the performance. It was great to see him and spend time together.<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-UWUTi9PBFEo/WVAhFK9qfjI/AAAAAAAAD4Y/xFMEvUPsWnEqzFTL4BBDZkSYgYGxg26vACLcBGAs/s1600/miguelscott.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1600" height="360" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-UWUTi9PBFEo/WVAhFK9qfjI/AAAAAAAAD4Y/xFMEvUPsWnEqzFTL4BBDZkSYgYGxg26vACLcBGAs/s640/miguelscott.jpg" width="640" /></a><br />
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Here we are with Scott Pool, the bassoonist who organized the commission. Scott performed the bassoon and piano version of the piece the next day at the Conference.<br />
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Anyone considering performing this piece is welcome to contact me with any questions that arise about it. I would be happy to help with further performances!<br />
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<br />Barry Steeshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10736336953457008419noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4157026828398818599.post-21983946904448324782017-05-20T10:27:00.001-07:002017-05-20T10:27:10.201-07:00A Month of Extremes, Pt.3 -- Ligeti's Piano Concerto<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-E2TEw5OJzr4/WRsoM-gsz4I/AAAAAAAAD0w/WT-4JuXRb1w6TUBzsCrjno0fE6nfjWnDgCLcB/s1600/IMG_1846.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-E2TEw5OJzr4/WRsoM-gsz4I/AAAAAAAAD0w/WT-4JuXRb1w6TUBzsCrjno0fE6nfjWnDgCLcB/s640/IMG_1846.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<b>Bassoonists reading this may want to print the above image</b>. This is the opening of the second movement of Ligeti's Piano Concerto. A close look reveals writing for the bassoon in the extreme. Very soft attacks on high Eb and high E in a passage that constitutes a duet with the piccolo. The texture is very light and every note you play up to Letter F is a solo.<br />
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The rest of the piece is extremely difficult as well, but we'll just deal with the high register issues confronted by anyone playing the bassoon part.<br />
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Many bassoonists have a special bocal for high notes. Here is mine:<br />
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-l3wMQI7T18M/WRsqM1LSKUI/AAAAAAAAD1E/o79ddyL4ajERwogIzAh5XxH-g9QIey2AwCLcB/s1600/bocalmark.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-l3wMQI7T18M/WRsqM1LSKUI/AAAAAAAAD1E/o79ddyL4ajERwogIzAh5XxH-g9QIey2AwCLcB/s400/bocalmark.JPG" width="400" /></a></div>
It's a Fox #2CVX bocal. The black band is a piece of aquarium tubing. In the second photo you can see a pinhole drilled into the bocal just below the band. The band can be slid over the hole or beside it depending upon whether or not you want the hole to be available. In the third photo you can see a black line I scribed on the bocal so you can look to see if the hole is covered while counting rests. Important when you have rests between passages that contain high notes and those that don't (see "A major drawback below).<br />
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The hole is drilled at 1" from the tip of the bocal to a diameter of .020". I've seen a few other dimensions for this hole, but this one works well for me. Do not attempt drilling yourself. Take the bocal to a repair technician!<br />
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When the hole is open, high E's, Eb's and even F's pop out much easier and at "pp". I don't even have to use a specialty reed!<br />
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<b>A major drawback:</b><br />
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This hole <i>drastically</i> weakens the ability of the bassoon/reed to produce tones in the third harmonic (Eb3 up to Bb4)! Notes in that range may speak as a multi phonic or not at all! Therefore, having the slider on the bocal is important. Closing the hole restores security to notes in this range.<br />
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<b>High F's!!</b><br />
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The Ligeti contains two high F's.<br />
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Note his instructions at the bottom of the page: "In this register, even if the note doesn't speak correctly!"<br />
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Here's the other:<br />
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/--7b0dpxdPs4/WRsxEZ7gPvI/AAAAAAAAD1c/F8vYzaoCHwAnj2HjO3Q3CDZABhbW3niVgCLcB/s1600/LigetiF2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/--7b0dpxdPs4/WRsxEZ7gPvI/AAAAAAAAD1c/F8vYzaoCHwAnj2HjO3Q3CDZABhbW3niVgCLcB/s400/LigetiF2.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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I love the indication, "It's possible, don't transpose!"<br />
<br />Barry Steeshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10736336953457008419noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4157026828398818599.post-27488617655377189562017-05-18T13:10:00.000-07:002017-05-18T13:10:52.267-07:00A Month of Extremes, Part 2 -- Miguel's colorful music<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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After finishing our run of performances of Debussy's <i>Pelleas et Melisande</i> on Saturday night, the very next day I played a concert with the MOSA String Quartet.<br />
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On the program were two pieces I commissioned 19 years apart from <a href="http://www.migueldelaguila.com/">Miguel del Aguila</a>.<br />
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<i>Malambo</i> is a one-movement piece I will be performing with orchestra at the<a href="https://www.lawrence.edu/s/idrs"> International Double Reed Society Conference</a> on June 20th in Appleton, Wisconsin. This will be my third performance of the work. In April, I performed the bassoon and piano version at the University of Arkansas, at the beginning of the month (mentioned above) I performed the version for bassoon and string quartet, and at the Conference, I'll perform the version with orchestra. I will have played all three versions over a two month span!<br />
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<i>Nostalgica</i> is a piece I commissioned in 1998. I recorded it, along with two other works and Miguel's <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cxc-ha_b_kM&list=FLrJ_G9nB1vew1eGSDb_ophg">Sunset Song</a> on this CD. Play a clip by going <a href="https://www.steesbassoon.com/sounds">here</a> (Scroll to the bottom and click on the arrow in the CD art cover to play the "Blues" movement.)<br />
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<b>Extremes:</b><br />
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The extremes were to be found that week on my bassoon and in my reed case.<br />
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<b>Reed case:</b><br />
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On one side I had <a href="http://steesbassoon.blogspot.com/2017/05/a-month-of-extremes.html">two soft low reeds</a>, on the other were my solo reeds. These reeds had a full sound, with lots of color possibilities. It took many hours at the reed desk in the month prior to come up with viable candidates for both categories!<br />
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<b>Bassoon:</b><br />
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During the week before my performances, I went back and forth between two different configurations of bocals, lefreQues, and pad heights on my bassoon depending upon what I was playing that hour. My solo #1cc prewar Heckel bocal, lefreQues and open pad for del Aguila, my #2cc prewar Heckel bocal, no lefreQues and lowered E pad height for Debussy.Barry Steeshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10736336953457008419noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4157026828398818599.post-27075429320149911752017-05-16T08:55:00.000-07:002017-05-16T08:55:31.445-07:00A Month of ExtremesThe repertoire I'm performing this month dwells in the extremes of bassoon playing. 90% of what bassoonists do consists of starting and stopping notes predictably at the proper dynamic, etc. Very little of orchestral repertoire consists of solo work and most of it is part of something else -- a bass line to a melody, a note in a chord, etc.<br />
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For this month, very little of what I'm playing contains the everyday, mundane job of playing the bassoon in an ensemble! Here's a short list of the pieces I'm playing:<br />
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Debussy: <i>Pelleas et Melisande</i>, Bsn3<br />
Miguel del Aguila: <i>Nostalgica</i> and <i>Malambo</i> -- both pieces I commissioned for bassoon and string quartet<br />
Ligeti <i>Piano Concerto</i><br />
Bernstein: <i>West Side Story</i> soundtrack with film<br />
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The Cleveland Orchestra began May with 3 staged performances of Debussy's opera, <i>Pelleas et Melisande</i>. There are 3 bassoon parts, so I was assigned to play the 3rd bassoon part. The opera starts like this:<br />
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The first measure is Bassoon 3 alone with lower strings. Much of the opera is written at "pp" and "p". This is particularly true of the 2nd and 3rd bassoon parts. Oddly enough there are many passages in which the two bassoonists double a single soft low note. Not sure what Debussy was thinking when he wrote this kind of thing!<br />
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Anyway, in order to play the D (and other passages later in the opera) in tune and soft enough with a predictable start, I made some modifications to reeds and my bassoon.<br />
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<b>Bassoon mods:</b><br />
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1. Play D with low Bb key down. This stabilizes the pitch of the D and keeps it from rising up, all the while muting the tone somewhat.<br />
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2. <a href="http://steesbassoon.blogspot.com/2015/04/low-d-dime-store-fix.html">Here's</a> another modification to Low D that just may change your life for this note.<br />
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3. I used a mute in the bell to further dampen the sound. I played with this mute in for much of the opera! This is a stronger mute than the cone shaped ones with holes cut in. Warning: it cannot be used for playing low Bb!<br />
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It's made from packing material foam. I put a rubber band through the center to give me something to grab onto when removing. About an inch thick. A set of instructions for making one can be found <a href="http://steesbassoon.blogspot.com/2015/10/extreme-measures-playing-very-softly.html">here</a>.<br />
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4.Other general modifications I made to my bassoon to achieve a soft,
mellow timbre: Remove all lefreQues, change bocals, place a few layers
of tape on the top band of the boot joint under the low E to whisper
bridge key. This lowers the E pad and takes some of the brilliance out
of the sound.<br />
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<b>Reed mods:</b><br />
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1. Cut back collar. My reeds have a 1/8" collar normally. I reduced the collars on a couple of my reeds for this opera to 1/16". Cane can also be removed from the area of the blade just in front of the collar.<br />
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2. Carefully slide 1st wire with fingernails back towards 2nd wire one wire's width (about .025"). This has the affect of lengthening the vibrating surface of the reed. It eases the response and weakens the reed. Do not expect easy high notes or even an E2 that doesn't sag! I like this adjustment because you can always slide the wire up back into its original position if you like.<br />
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3. Thin the last millimeter of the tip. Putting a micro bevel on the tip of the reed improves response. The tips of the reeds modified for the opera measured about .005" at the very tip. Usual for me is .008-.010".<br />
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All of these modifications helped lower my blood pressure when playing this exposed, low part over a 3 hour time span each night!Barry Steeshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10736336953457008419noreply@blogger.com1